IP5- Relations in trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

IP5- Relations in trade - Essay Example Through these policies, the actual people behind businesses and the production of market prodcuts have a sense of need for their efforts. They do not feel cheated and they feel the essence of their contribution to society. Two of such policies are fair trade and free trade. In the contest of Content Cow Dairy, this write-up seeks to delve into the meaning of these two terms; fair trade and free trade by drawing the distinction between them. It also seeks to identify how fair trade is achieved and run. What is more, the write-up seeks to explore some of the preferred corporate management strategies that would work best for Content Cow Dairy. Finally the write-up would identify problems faced by the organisation’s foreign affiliates and success ways of remeding the situation. Fairtrade and Free Trade – the Similarities and Differences Fairtrade and free trade are commercial policies that are directed towards the betterment of producers of market produce and their trading counterparts. Accordong to the Fairtrade Foundation (2011), fairtrade is a policy that requires â€Å"companies to pay sustainable prices (which must never fall lower than the market price).† The idea and need for starting fairtrade was born out of giving a fair deal to producers. â€Å"A fair deal includes a fair price for goods and services, decent working conditions, and a commitment from buyers so that there is reasonable security for the producers† (Tribes & Fair Trade Travel, 2009). This is to say that fairtrade is generally focused towards ensuring that prodcuers of market produce are not cheated – as far as the sale and purchase of their produce are concerned. Writing on freetrade however, the Greenpeace International (2011) observes that â€Å"the act of opening up economies is known as "free trade" or "trade liberalisation."† Simply put, free trade is about businesses and companies having the opportunity to trading and opening up new branches in other coutries without much restrictions. Similarly, both free trade and fairtrade are concerned with the betterment of people who put their efforts in doing business. However there is some level of difference in the sense that whereas fairtrade targets the producer and makes sure that the producer gets what he or she deserves, free trade focuses on the marketer (perhaps the one who buys from the producer) to ensure that the marketer is not limited in his or her attempt to trade off his or her products. Fairly traded Products and Reasons for their Selection The initiative of fairtrade was of course focused on specific products and not all other products. In the United Kingdom alone, The Fairtrade Foundation (2011) argues that â€Å"The Fairtrade Foundation has licensed over 3,000 Fairtrade certified products for sale through retail and catering outlets.† These 3,000 products have been categorised into components with each having minor set of products under it. These major pr oducts are listed under food and non-food products. Under the food products, the products include; Bananas, Cocoa, Coffee, Dried Fruit, Fresh Fruit & Fresh Vegetables, Honey, Juices, Nuts/Oil Seeds/Oil, Quinoa, Rice, Spices, Sugar, Tea and Wine (Fairtrade Foundatio

Woodspurge Analysis Essay Example for Free

Woodspurge Analysis Essay â€Å"The Woodspurge† is a sixteen-line poem divided into four-line stanzas that describe a grief-stricken narrator in an outdoor setting. In his depressed state, the narrator emotionally observes the details of the woodspurge, a species of weed that has a three-part blossom. The poem’s first stanza presents a countryside and begins to suggest the narrators’s state of mind. The narrator is not walking toward a specific destination; he moves in the direction the wind is blowing and once the wind ceases, he stops and sits in the grass. The fact that his walking and stopping are guided merely by the wind indicates aimlessness and passivity The narrator’s posture in the second stanza indicates that he feels exceedingly depressed. Sitting on the grass he is hunched over with his head between his knees. This shows that he is insecure. His depression is so severe that he cannot even groan aloud or speak a word of grief. His head is cast down, as is his soul – so much that his hair is touching the grass. He remains in this position for an unknown length of time but long enough that he â€Å"heard the day pass†. In the third stanza, â€Å"My eyes, wide open, had the run† let the readers know about the sudden changes in his attitude. He finally accepts what had happened and knows that he has to move on. From his seated position, he says there are â€Å"ten weeds† that his eyes can â€Å"fix upon†. This reflect that he sees his problem and becomes aware of it. He realises that the â€Å"weeds† (his problem) are in his way and the hardiness of the â€Å"weeds† tells that the problem that he faced are hard to be rid of. Out of that group, a flowering woodspurge captures his complete attention and he is dramatically impressed by the detail that it flowers as â€Å"three cups in one†. The narrator attributes his depressed state to â€Å"perfect grief† in the final stanza. He then comments that grief may not function to bring wisdom and may not even be remembered. He implies that he himself learned nothing from his grief that day and can no longer remember its cause. However, â€Å"One thing then learnt remains to me†: He had been visually overwhelmed by the shape of the woodspurge and consequently, its image and the fact that â€Å"The woodspurge has a cup of three† have been vividly burned into his memory forever. Themes and Meanings Although the cause of the narrator’s sorrow is never specified, the poem was written in the spring of 1856 when Rossetti was in an anguished state. He was experiencing intense strife with Elizabeth Siddal over the issue of her desire for marriage. Rossetti was also tormented at that time about relationships with other women and what he perceived as lost of artistic opportunities. However, nothing in the poem points to these specific issues. By leaving the cause of the narrator’s depression unspecified, Rossetti gives universal expression to the psychological phenomenon of acute mental awareness and heightened sensation simultaneously with mental and emotional distress. Although â€Å"The Woodspurge† has a plant’s name as its title, the poem does not have nature, or even the woodspurge itself, as its subject. Nature does play an indirect role in the poem, but it is not the focus here or in other works by Rossetti. Both in his painting and poetry, the function of nature is to act as a background for the presentation of human action and emotion. The depiction of details from nature is not meant to draw attention to nature itself but to mirror an inner experience. In conclusion, â€Å"The Woodspurge† is about the narrator’s grief and that an insignificant detail or image can remain vivid after emotional pain is forgotten. It concentrates on creating emotional effect, accuracy of detail and the use of nature as a framework for the expression of the mental and emotional state of the narrator.

Comparison of the Two Speeches in Julius Caesar -- comparison compare

Comparison of the Two Speeches in Julius Caesar    In William Shakespeare's play The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, two speeches are given to the people of Rome about Caesar's death. In Act 3, Scene 2 of this play Brutus and Antony both try to sway the minds of the Romans toward their views. Brutus tried to make the people believe he killed Caesar for a noble cause. Antony tried to persuade the people that the conspirators committed an act of brutality toward Caesar and were traitors. The effectiveness and ineffectiveness of both Antony's and Brutus's speech to the people are conveyed through tone and rhetorical devices. Brutus made his speech effective in persuading the people by using tone and rhetorical devices. Brutus was compassionate when referring to how he loved Caesar as much as Caesar`s friends of his speech. Brutus was showing compassion on lines18 - 20 when he said, "If there be any in this assembly, any dear friend of Caesar's, to him I say that Brutus's love to Caesar was no less than his." Brutus said this to help the people understand the sorrow he felt for the loss of Caesar, but he felt he killed Caesar for the good of Rome. Brutus anticipated an objection by the people when he said he loved Caesar , so he went on to say on lines 20 - 23, "If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: Not that I love Caesar less, but Rome more."Brutus manipulated the people with rhetorical questions. He asks them on lines 29 - 33, " who is so base, that they would be a bondman, who is so rude, that they would not be a Roman, and who is so vile, that will n ot love his country," the people do not want to be against their country nor do they want to be so base to be a slave.... ...ns. This made Antony's speech more effective in the fact that he used detailed reasoning for why Caesar was not ambitious. This was why the people came to his favor in the end. The tones and rhetorical devices they used helped to capture their audience by appealing to their emotions and helping to move the views of Antony and Brutus's views across to their listeners. Comparing effectiveness and ineffectiveness of both speeches was important in determining which way the people would be swayed. Works Cited Bloom, Harold. William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar. Chelsea House Publisher; Connecticut, New York, & Pennsylvania. 1988, Pg. #33 - 36 Durband, Alan. Shakespeare Made Easy: Julius Caesar. Barron's Educational Series, Inc.; New York. 1985. Shakespeare, William. Julius Caesar. Ed. Alan Durband. London: Hutchinson & Co. Publishers Ltd., 1984.

Indian village Essay

In a small Indian village, a young child, Natu, wanders away into the jungle and was assumed to have been killed by the evil man-eating tiger Sheer Khan. In the other hand, a pack of wolves took care of the boy as one of their pups and named him Mowgli. Raksha, his wolf mother, kept a watchful eye out for him for she knew that Sheer Khan has a relentless thirst for the man-cub. During his years in the jungle, he befriended several animals which aided him as he grows old. Raksha is a she wolf who nursed the little Mowgl as an infant. Baloo, a kind-hearted laidback grey-hided bear, teaches Mowgli and his feral brothers the law of the jungle. The black panther Bagheera sets an eye out for Mowgli for he is constantly hunted by a evil man-eating tiger, Sheer Khan. Kaa is a huge powerful hundred year old serpent who helps Baloo and Bagheera rescue Mowgli when he was captured by group of monkeys in the hidden ruins. The boy grew into a young man and one day stumbles upon the village once again. His real mother recognized the boy as the child she lost long ago and welcomed him back home. She teaches Mowgli how to speak their language and how people behave in their village. Mowgli’s extraordinary ability to talk to the animals as fascinated the whole village including the young lady Mahala, Buldeo’s daughter. Buldeo is a boastful and arrogant hunter who despises Mowgli for contradicting him about real life and animals in the jungle. Mowgli wants to buy a â€Å"tooth† (knife) in order to kill the evil tiger Sheer Khan and buys one from Buldeo. Buldeo wanted to kill the tiger Sheer Khan for the reward of his hide. But Mowlgi killed the tiger first before Buldeo did. Buldeo forced Mowgli to surrender him the tiger skin but he refused for he vowed to lay it upon the wolfpack’s council rock. Even though Buldeo forbids Mahala to talk to Mowgli, she goes with him into the jungle. Mowgli shows her the ruins of an ancient city with a vast treasure horde. Inside the ruins, a python named Kaa warns them that the jewels are deadly. Mahala takes one coin with Mowgli’s permission. Buldeo finds out about the treasure and persuades Mowgli to show him the rest of the treasure. He accidentally drops the coin his daughter took from the trove which caught the eye of the barber and his customer, and now they want to find the treasure too. After finding out about his daughters discovery of the gold coin, Buldeo coerced Mowgli to lead him to the treasure trove. He accidentally let the barber and his customer to find out about the treasure too. Mowgli leads the men and set out to the jungle to look for the ruins. They find the ruins but greed took place and they all fought for the treasure. When the barber and the customer died, Buldeo set the jungle on fire. Mowgli saves his mother and goes back to live in the village. A quintessential characters in the story is Mowgli, the main character in the story, a child raised by wolves who eventually goes back to his village when he becomes a young man. Another is Baloo, sleepy old grey bear, teaches the wolf pups and Mowgli the laws of the jungle and how to live in the jungle. Same is Bagheera, the black panther is originally born in captivity in the palace of the Rajah of Oodeypore, India escapes his cage when he was mature and strong enough, saves the life of Mowgli by offering a freshly-killed bull to the pack of wolves and demands them to raise Mowgli. Stock characters in the story include Mahala, a gentle young lady who fell in love with Mowgli. Mogli showed Mahala the ruins where the treasure was hidden. Messua is the wife of the richest man in the village and she believes that Mowgli is her long lost son, Natoo, who was lost in the jungle some years before. When she and Mowgli are reunited, teaches him the virtues and language of their village. Raksha is the she-wolf who takes care of Mowgli and raised him as one of her own pups. Defying the tiger Sheer Khan who is determined to hunt and eat the man-cub Mowgli she says that her name is Raksha, which means Demon, because of her ferocity and fighting skills, and vows to fight to her death for any of her cubs, natural or adopted. The play wanted to portray the 1894 original story of author Rudyard Kipling’s The Jungle Book. The cast sought to represent the essence of each character in the story for the audience to feel the flow and tension of the play. The producers did an excellent job on capturing the spirit of the original story. Every key character was played well and with outstanding acting skills. The setting, background, and lighting makes the audience feel that they are one with the environment. The play and production was all meaningful for it captured and delivered what the audience would like to see, feel and hear. The cast skillfully played their roles and vividly showed emotion of the scene. As a child, I really enjoyed Disney’s animation of The Jungle Book. I enjoyed the play a lot. It made me feel like I was in the story with the characters. I liked how the play was delivered and how the cast depicted the characters. The lights and background gave a good addition to the environment. The sounds made the play alive. Sound effects give a really big impact to me in plays. I like how the production and script matched the original story, but with a little twist, which made it play even more fascinating. I look forward to watch more plays similar to this one for it brings back memories of my childhood. I know that the audience loved it too. Plays like this will be excellent to fuel the minds of kids and help enjoy life. Reference: (2006). The jungle book. Retrieved October 17, 2006, from Answers.com: world’s greatest encyclodictionalmanacapedia. Web site: http://www. answers. com/topic/the-jungle-book Internet Movie Database Inc. (2006). Full cast and crew for the jungle book (1942). Retrieved October 17, 2006, from IMBD: Earth’s Biggest Movie Database Web site: http://www. imdb. com/title/tt0034928/fullcredits Scheib, R. (2003). Jungle book. Retrieved October 17, 2006. Web site: http://www. moria. co. nz/fantasy/junglebook42. htm _____. (2006). The jungle book. Retrieved October 17, 2006, from Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Web site: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Jungle_Book

Factors Influencing Comprehension

Factors influencing Comprehension The article under the sub- heading Understanding Comprehension stated that â€Å"comprehension is complex†. It is my belief that teachers whether in the primary or secondary system should see it as such and not just a situation where a passage is just read and the questions answered at the end of it. It has been brought to my attention that comprehension is affected by a variety of factors some of which may be considered internal as well as external. Some of the internal factors may include stressful situations and the external factors would include the reading text assigned and the pages with dense text with few paragraph breaks or illustrations. It is then my belief that if the pre-service and inservice teachers saw this as a critical issue then for those of us who have not been taking it as seriously then we need to. The students who we teach may have been affected by these factors but because of teachers ignorance comprehension lessons where not adequately prepared. Secondly, the fact that background knowledge was so important on the side of the pupil just did not occur to me. I thought that what I gave initially at the beginning of the lesson if they had no experience it would be enough. Students being taught the comprehension lesson should have some experiential background to the text being used or the teacher could run into problems. â€Å"Schema theory tells us that readers must have adequate back-ground knowledge to understand what they read; it also tells us that readers must activate their prior knowledge† (Langer, 1984). Preparations for students doing comprehension lessons must therefore be more in-depth not only on the teachers part but in light of the students as well as one needs to investigate if the students has any prior knowledge. Thirdly and quite interestingly the Transactional theory brought home the fact that different students read for different reasons, the efferent stance or the aesthetic stance. The fact is a student’s stance can influence his or her comprehension. In teaching we need to know just how important the material is to our students or rather how important we make it for them. The fact that they may be quizzed at the end of a reading may generate more interest. The students who read just for sheer experience may just not comprehend as well as the one who does it for a purpose that could be considered more important. Fourthly, comprehension as a process is very stimulating to a student or students for that matter. The fact that this process begins before actual reading and end long after the reading is finished emphasises the activities that are used to grab and keep the students involved in the whole teaching and learning experience. Dividing instruction into prereading, during reading and post reading helps teachers design activities for each stage that will improve students’ comprehension (Carlton, 1982) and provides opportunities for teachers to demonstrate strategies that readers can use at this stage†. The actual process of comprehension and the strategies used has truly been an experience and will be a welcomed difference in my approach to the teaching of comprehension.

Inorganic Chemistry Definition and Introduction

Inorganic Chemistry Definition and Introduction Inorganic chemistry is defined as the study of the chemistry of materials from non-biological origins. Typically, this refers to materials not containing carbon-hydrogen bonds, including metals, salts, and minerals. Inorganic chemistry is used to study and develop catalysts, coatings, fuels, surfactants, materials, superconductors, and drugs.  Important chemical reactions in inorganic chemistry include double displacement reactions, acid-base reactions, and redox reactions. In contrast, chemistry of compounds that contain C-H bonds is called organic chemistry. The organometallic compounds overlap both organic and inorganic chemistry. Organometallic compounds typically include a metal directly bonded to a carbon atom. The first man-made inorganic compound of commercial significance to be synthesized was ammonium nitrate. Ammonium nitrate was made using the Haber process, for use as a soil fertilizer. Properties of Inorganic Compounds Because the class of inorganic compounds is vast, its difficult to generalize their properties. However, many inorganics are ionic compounds, containing cations and anions joined by ionic bonds. Classes of these salts include oxide, halides, sulfates, and carbonates. Another way to classify inorganic compounds is as main group compounds, coordination compounds, transition metal compounds, cluster compounds, organometallic compounds, solid state compounds, and bioinorganic compounds. Many inorganic compounds are poor electrical and thermal conductors as solids, have high melting points, and readily assume crystalline structures. Some are soluble in water, while others are not. Usually the positive and negative electrical charges balance out to form neutral compounds. Inorganic chemicals are common in nature as minerals and electrolytes. What Inorganic Chemists Do Inorganic chemists are found in a wide variety of fields. They may study materials, learn ways to synthesize them, develop practical applications and products, teach, and reduce the environmental impact of inorganic compounds. Examples of industries that hire inorganic chemists include government agencies, mines, electronics companies, and chemical companies. Closely related disciplines include materials science and physics. Becoming an inorganic chemist generally involves gaining a graduate degree (Masters or Doctorate). Most inorganic chemists pursue a degree in chemistry in college. Companies That Hire Inorganic Chemists An example of a government agency that hires inorganic chemists is the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The Dow Chemical Company, DuPont, Albemarle, and Celanese are companies that use inorganic chemistry to develop new fibers and polymers. Because electronics are based on metals and silicon, inorganic chemistry is key in the design of microchips and integrated circuits. Companies that focus in this area include Texas Instruments, Samsung, Intel, AMD, and Agilent. Glidden Paints, DuPont, The Valspar Corporation, and Continental Chemical are companies that apply inorganic chemistry to make pigments, coatings, and paint. Inorganic chemistry is used in mining and ore processing through the formation of finished metals and ceramics. Companies that focus on this work include Vale, Glencore, Suncor, Shenhua Group, and BHP Billiton. Inorganic Chemistry Journals and Publications There are numerous publications devoted to advances in inorganic chemistry. Journals include Inorganic Chemistry, Polyhedron, Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, Dalton Transactions, and Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan.

What is a Narrative Arc • A Guide to Storytelling Structure

What is a Narrative Arc A Guide to Storytelling Structure What is the Narrative Arc? A Guide to Storytelling Through Story Structure Has anyone ever told you that your narrative arc was too weak? Too complex? Or not complex enough?Universal to both fiction and nonfiction, the narrative arc (also called the â€Å"story arc†) refers to the structure and shape of a story. This arc is made up of the events in your story - the sequence of occurrences in the plot - and determines the peaks and plateaus that set the pace. A good arc is vital if you want to engage your readers from start to finish, and deliver a satisfying conclusion.What is a narrative arc?Narrative arc is a term that describes a story's full progression. It visually evokes the idea that every story has a relatively calm beginning, a middle where tension, character conflict, and narrative momentum builds to a peak, and an end where the conflict is resolved.You may already be familiar with one classic example of the story arc: boy meets girl, boy fails girl, boy gets girl again. This may sound oversimplified, and it is. Adding complexity to a bas ic story arc is part of what differentiates one story from another, even when they’re ostensibly dealing with the same ideas. Here’s a parting gift before you go: a video from Kurt Vonnegut, describing the shapes of stories.In the end, that’s what a strong story arc does: it gives a story shape. For alternative story structures, check out the Hero's Journey,  Dan Harmon's Story Circle, or these three story models. To add more dimensions to your story, you can experiment with subplots. Subplots function as mini-arcs, though they should always aim to contribute to the main arc in some way.Sort out your story arc - experiment with it! - and your story won’t be a formless, blobby thing. It’ll gain a spine and new readers.And, of course, if you’re struggling to create a compelling narrative arc, a professional developmental editor will be able to come to the rescue and spot deficiencies.Any questions for us about the story arc? Leave them below - and if you want to share your own experiences with narrative arcs, please do so!

Content Marketing Process The Most Complete Guide to Get Organized

Content Marketing Process The Most Complete Guide to Get Organized Content marketing is deceptively complex. On its surface, it may appear simple: create content, push it out into the world, and watch the leads pour in. However, in actual practice, there are a lot of moving parts that need to be synchronized for success. From strategy to execution to measurement, there is more involved than what immediately meets the eye. This disconnect between expectations and reality can quickly derail an organization’s attempts to get started with content. When CMOs and client stakeholders lack a clear understanding of the strategy and workflow development required to achieve success, the results can easily fail to produce a measurable return on investment and keep those stakeholders happy. Developing an understanding of how the complete content marketing process functions doesn’t have to be difficult though. Having an outline from start to finish illustrating how things work can help convince clients and stakeholders that success isn’t as simple as starting a blog, shooting some videos, or publishing an optimal number of social media posts. In this blog post, you’ll get: A clear explanation of how content marketing works through the entire process. Tons of links to related blog posts that dive deep into each area. Templates to help your team get started with documenting strategy and workflows. This is a high-level process summary that’ll take you from the beginning planning stages, all the way through to measurement and analysis. If this post offers the â€Å"what† and â€Å"why† around what needs to be done, then the links to more granular posts provide the â€Å"how† on executing each piece. Approach this as a bookmarkable hub, and remember, there’s no pressure to absorb all of this right away. Manage Your Content Marketing Production Process With 30 Templates, Infographics, and More Executing effectively throughout this process isnt easy. To help you on your journey, weve pulled together 30 free resources you can start using right now. This bundle includes templates, guides, worksheets, and more. Theres something for every part of your content marketing workflow, and wed encourage you to download it now before moving on. What Does a Content Creation Process Look Like? There are a lot of different models and maps charting out the content marketing process. For our purposes, we’ll break it down into the following five buckets: Content Planning and Strategy:  This includes everything involved in developing an overarching plan and strategy for your content. Content Creation: This includes everything involved in creation processes and workflows. Content Publishing:  This includes everything involved in establishing publishing schedules and cadences. Content Distribution and Promotion:  This includes everything involved in promoting a piece of content. Content Measurement:  This includes everything involved in analyzing performance and extracting insights to refine your content strategy in the future. At a high level, here’s what this all looks like in diagram form: Your Content Marketing Process Library When writing this post, we realized that tackling the entire content planning, creation, promotion, and measurement process in one post is a tall order. If you're looking for something specific, click through to one of the following posts: Content Planning and Strategy How to Plan and Execute an Effective Content Strategy That Will Quadruple Your Results (Template) How to Build a Content Marketing Strategy You'll Actually Use (Template) The Ultimate Marketing Campaign Planning Checklist That Will Get You Proactive Spark Your User Persona to Life With These 9 Important Tools How to Find Your Target Audience and Create the Best Content That Connects Content Creation 40 Content Writing Tips to Make You a Better Marketer Now The Best Social Media Copywriting Guide to Be a Social Word Ninja The Most Massive SEO Copywriting Guide That Will Make Your Traffic Soar The Ultimate Blog Writing Process to Create Killer Posts The Email Copywriting Process You Need to Get More Conversions How to Work With Designers With Authentic Advice From 's Designer How to Make an Infographic Like a Pro in 7 Easy Steps Content Publishing The Best 2019 Content Calendar to Get Organized All Year When is the Best Time to Publish Blog Posts? What 14 Studies Say About the Best Time to Send Email The Best Times to Post on Social Media According to Research The Social Media Schedule That Will Boost Your Traffic By 192% Content Promotion and Distribution 21+ Easy Ways to Build An Email List That Will Skyrocket By 140% in 1 Year How to Build the Best Social Media Promotion Plan For Your Content The Way to Write Email Subject Lines That Get More Clicks How to Boost Traffic With 34 SEO Tips You Need to Know Now (+ Free Kit) Content Measurement and Analytics 3 Hidden Google Analytics Reports to Help You Understand Your Audience How to Build a Marketing Report Quickly (Free Template) How to Use Social Media Analytics to Create the Best Content Phase 1: Content Strategy + Planning Everything starts with smart planning. Understanding Your Audience Who are you creating content for? What are their greatest wants, needs, and pain points? These are some of the first questions you’ll need to answer when developing your process. Figuring out who your audience is doesn’t have to be as hard as it sounds. Do some digging, though, and you might find that your real audience differs from the one you thought you had. To begin, answer four questions: What  problems does my company, product, or service solve? If you’re in business at all, this should (hopefully) be easy enough to answer. How do you make customers lives better or easier? Who are our current customers? Who’s buying your product right now? Make a mental note if that’s different from who you want to be buying your product. Who is my competition? You probably know who your top competitors are. However, do some quick keyword searches on Google, Facebook, and Twitter to see if you can turn up any more you weren’t aware of. What sets us apart from our competition? Why would people choose you instead? Once you’ve nailed these down, you’ll know: What topics your content needs to cover and which questions it should answer. Who is going to read, watch, or listen to that content. What your competition is doing (and start thinking about how you can improve on their efforts). What you need to do to set your content apart (so people consume your stuff instead of your competitors’). Next, develop a simple audience statement that summarizes who you’re trying to reach. Use this template and fill in the blanks: â€Å"[OUR COMPANY] creates content to help [INSERT DEMOGRAPHIC] do [INSERT ACTION] better.† Then, establish what we call your â€Å"content core.† This means identifying two things: What you do (and the topics that matter most to your company). What your audience cares about (which probably includes topics you should cover, even if they only loosely correlate with what your company does). Here are a few simple ways to get started doing this: Dig through your social media followers feeds. What are they sharing on Twitter? Run an audience survey. Use something like Polldaddy  or Survey Monkey  and ask customers or blog readers what they’re interested in (and what topics they want your content to cover. Look at your competition’s content. You shouldn’t necessarily copy what they’re doing. However, taking note of what they’re creating can give you some clues at what their audience finds relevant (provided they’re doing a good job). Recommended Reading: How to Find Your Target Audience and Create the Best Content That Connects Developing Personas If you’re not deeply familiar with your audience, then building personas can be vital for understanding who you’re targeting. This is especially true when working in industries where you don’t consider yourself a deep subject matter expert (SME). This process can get fairly involved, but it doesn’t necessarily need to be overly complicated. What makes personas such an importance piece of the content marketing process? This graphic summarizes that with a few powerful stats: A persona is a simple character description of your average customer or audience member. To build out a simple user persona, you should include the following information: Age Location Occupation Income Level Level of Education Hobbies Challenges and Goals Personality Summary Values and Fears Favorite Blogs, News Sources, and Companies That’s the high-level description of what you need in a persona. For a more detailed guide, check out the post below. Recommended Reading: Spark Your User Persona to Life With These 9 Important Tools Establish Your Goals Have a plan for how you’ll set goals for each project and campaign you execute. While goals may vary based on each project, having one set methodology for determining goals makes setting them easier. One common goal-setting framework we recommend is the SMART system. SMART goals are: Specific. Goals should be laser-focused on moving set metrics KPIs. Measurable. They should be quantifiable and able to be backed up with real numbers. Actionable. Can you take specific steps to achieve this goal? Realistic. Increasing revenue by 1 million percent is probably not realistic. Use your best judgment. Timely. Achieving goals should help move your organization forward in ways that are relevant right now. Then, to write a simple goal statement (whether for your overall business and marketing goals, or for a specific channel, campaign, or project), follow this template: You can adjust the specific verbiage as necessary. What’s necessary is that you plainly state the following: What you hope to achieve. When you hope to achieve it by. For more specific guides on setting marketing goals, dig into these guides: How to Set Marketing Goals You Can Actually Achieve  from Kissmetrics How to Set Marketing Goals Based on Business Goals  from ImpactBND How to Define SMART Marketing Objectives  from Smart Metrics Here's how to set SMART marketing goals (and manage the rest of your content marketing process,...Develop Your Content Strategy This is an enormous topic in itself. In fact, several books have been written on the subject (and you should read them). Arguably, a lot of what we cover in this post also covers content strategy and content marketing strategy (there’s a subtle difference). For our purposes here, we’ll break down content strategy into its absolute most basic elements. Then, we’ll point you in the right direction to learn more. To begin, let’s answer three questions: What will you create? This means the kinds of content and channels you’ll use. Why will you create it? This ties back into your goals and the specific needs your content should address. How will you measure success? This entails establishing the specific metrics you’ll track against. Performing Content Audits How can you make sure you create more content that works, cut out what doesn’t, and avoid duplicating effort? The answer is by performing regular content audits. Pam Neely put together this excellent guide (and content audit template)  that dives deep into this process. At a high level, here are some things to look for when evaluating past content: Generating Ideas How will you generate ideas for projects and campaigns? Quality creative concepts and campaign ideas don’t happen by accident (most of the time). Everything you create should also be connected to your overall goals. So, how do you come up with great ideas that actually move the needle? Start by figuring out who will be involved in your ideation process: Clients or internal stakeholders. Campaigns often start as solutions to problems your clients or your company is facing. Your CEO, CMO, and senior strategists. These folks are close to your organization’s overall goal-setting. Your do-ers down in the trenches (writers, designers, etc.). You hire creative people to be creative, right? Then, establish frameworks for ideation. There are a couple ways to approach this: Solo strategy sessions where individual team members generate project, content, and campaign ideas on their own. Group brainstorming sessions where multiple team members collaborate on ideation. The easiest brainstorming process we’ve had success with at looks like this: Get your team in a room and have them write down every idea they can think of in ten minutes. Have one person read every idea out loud. Then, have each team member rate those ideas on a three-point scale. Three’s are definite ideas you should execute, two’s are ideas that need some work, and one’s are, well, crap. If you do this right, the process will yield ideas all across the board (and that’s okay). Take every idea that’s a unanimous three and narrow down the ones you’ll settle on. This process works for all kinds of different projects and in all kinds of scenarios. Feel free to adapt it to fit your purposes. Recommended Reading: The Best 30-Minute Content Marketing Brainstorming Process Phase 2: Content Creation You’ve got your planning processes in place. Now, let’s move onto the execution steps. How will content marketing projects and ideas be brought to life? Establish Team Roles Team roles may be different than actual job titles. What we’re looking to know here is what people will actually be doing when it comes to planning, publishing, and promoting content. Recommended Reading: How to Structure Your Marketing Team to Create the Best Content Understanding Keyword Research Keyword research is vital for creating content your audience wants. At its simplest level, it should achieve three goals: Helping you understand what people want to read. This typically means stuff that answers questions and solves problems for them. Helping you understand the intent behind keywords. Carefully analyze search results for keyword terms to ensure people are really looking for what you think they are. Helping you understand what you can rank on. Most keyword tools show keyword difficulty and competition. In order to do quality keyword research, you’ll need the right tools. Here are some we can recommend: Google Keyword Planner Moz’s Keyword Explorer Ahrefs Keywords Explorer Keyword Studio Serpstat Recommended Reading: Your Ultimate Content Marketer’s Guide to Keyword Research Building Checklists, Templates, and Other Reusable Assets Having pre-built checklists and templates for every type of content you produce can help make creating content that’s consistent easier. They help reinforce productive workflows and ensure that every project gets executed the right way, every time. There are a couple of ways to approach this: Use our pre-built checklist here, or any of the templates bundled within this post you’re reading right now. Build your own checklists and templates. To create your own checklists, follow these steps: List everything that’s needed to complete a specific type of content. Be thorough. Assign each task to the appropriate team member. This could be either a specific person or just the role required. Estimate how long each step takes to complete. If you’re not sure, track your time over the course of creating a few pieces to set benchmarks. Document all of those steps and make your checklist easily accessible to your team. Consider using something like a shared Google Drive or Dropbox folder to store all your checklists. Writing + Design Getting writers and designers working well together is key for content marketing success. By establishing clear processes for each, you can eliminate a lot of confusion and head-butting around expectations. A basic workflow might look like this: Writer drafts content in a template or document. Then, writer and designer discuss images to include. Designer takes direction and adds other images where necessary. Generally, whatever type of content you’re creating, this is loosely how it works. Recommended Reading: https://.com/blog/content-writing-tips https://.com/blog/how-to-make-an-infographic/ https://.com/blog/blog-photography-tips/ https://.com/blog/social-media-images Phase 3: Content Publishing Once workflows and processes for content creation have been put in place, determine how often content will be published, and establish processes for managing your cadence. Establish How Often You'll Publish Each Type of Content You Create There are no objectively correct answers to how much content is enough or how much is too much. But, the following posts can help offer some starting points: How Often to Post on Social Media [Proven Research From 14 Studies] The Best Email Sending Frequency [Backed By 20 Studies] The Perfect Blog Post Length and Publishing Frequency is B?!!$#à ·x [Whiteboard Friday from Moz] Planning Your Content Marketing Calendar We strongly recommend planning every piece of content you publish on one unified marketing calendar. Whether you use a spreadsheet or an app (we’re partial to ourselves), your calendar should achieve the following objectives: It should give your entire team one place to see every project in progress. A place to map out all your deadlines. A means of keeping everything organized so nothing gets lost or forgotten. If you need a calendar template or a guide on how to use one, we have several. Check out the following posts below: Recommended Reading: How to Boost Success With a Content Marketing Editorial Calendar Phase 4: Content Promotion + Distribution Content promotion often gets overlooked. If you’re not thoroughly planning your promotion processes, though, it’s time to start. Social Media Assuming you’ll be creating social media posts to promote other content (in addition to standalone social content), you’ll need to plan a few things: Your channel selection. Which channels are you on, and which are most important for you? A promotional posting schedule for each type of content you’ll be promoting. Planned posting templates save time wondering how many posts to prepare. An understanding of social media analytics. Monitoring what works and what doesn’t will help you make the most of your time in the long run. Recommended Reading: How to Align Your Content Marketing and Social Media Strategy in 9 Steps The Social Media Posting Schedule That Will Boost Your Traffic By 192% The Best Way to Plan a Social Media Strategy in Five Steps With a Template Email Marketing Email marketing delivers 4,000% ROI. According to Campaign Monitor, it also 40 times more effective for customer acquisition  than social media. So, have a plan to make the most of it. Develop a strategy to build your email list. Gated content upgrades  in blog posts and building landing pages  with opt-in forms  are two ways to do this. Plot out an email sending schedule. This guide  will help you select the best days and times to send e-newsletters. Plan an email content creation process. This will entail: Writing your email copy. Designing email templates  (if you’re coding your own emails) or placing content into a template within your email marketing service provider. Analyzing the performance per email. Repeat.Recommended Reading: Killer Email Marketing Planning Best Practices With 19 Examples The 4 Simple Stages of an Engaging Email Funnel Strategy What 14 Studies Say About the Best Time to Send Email Search Engine Optimization Search engine optimization is necessary for ensuring your content garners continued traffic (even after your social media and email promotion have run their course). On a basic level, be sure to check off the following for every piece of content you publish (assuming you’re creating blog posts or website pages): Title tags. These are the blue links at the top of search results. They should include your target keyword and accurately describe your content. They should be 70 characters or less. Meta descriptions. This is the descriptive text beneath the blue links in search results. They don’t directly impact rankings but do influence click-through rates. They should be 150 characters or less (but not too short). To test your title tags and meta descriptions before your content is published, consider using one of these free tools: Portent’s SERP Preview Tool:  It’s a little bit outdated (Google no longer uses pixel width to cap title tag length), but it can still help you see what search snippets will look like: Spotibo SERP Preview Tool:  Another free option that works well. Yoast:  If you’re using WordPress and Yoast, you’ll see a preview of your title tag and meta description before you publish. There are also some other basic on-page SEO elements to consider. These include: Keyword targeting. Does your content target a specific keyword phrase? Latent semantic indexing. In plain English, does your content include terms relevant to your primary topic? Keyword placement within your content. Is your primary keyword in your URL, H1, and body content? Are secondary keywords naturally integrated into your copy? For more detailed guides on SEO execution, read through the following: How to Boost Traffic With 34 Important SEO Tips You Need to Know How to Improve Your Keyword Research With Latent Semantic Indexing How to Maximize Your On-Page SEO in 2017 With One Awesome Checklist SEO Content Strategy: How to Skyrocket Your Traffic By 594% PR / Outreach What’s one of the best ways to promote your content? Tell people directly who might be interested in it! Of course, you’ll want to be genuine and sincere in your outreach. Content marketing and public relations are asked to join forces now more than ever. As these fields increasingly overlap, it’s important to have plans and processes in place for how these cross-discipline teams work together. According to Search Engine Land, there are at least five different ways for PR and SEO to cooperate: Product education. Whether they’re talking to customers, partners, or the media, PR spends a lot of time explaining how things work to people. Great content can be a quality asset for supporting this. Obtaining backlinks. When you tell people about your content, it’s more likely to be found by people interested in linking to it. Managing media outreach. Keeping messaging consistent between content and PR. What one team says is true, the other should say, too. Sharing content. Your PR team probably knows better than anyone who might be interested in seeing the content you’re creating. Lean on their contacts and tools like Cision  to find quality outreach targets. So, what can content marketers and PR pros do to combine efforts for maximum impact? Here are a couple ideas: Build lists of trusted contacts to reach out to with new content. Do you have news reporters or other content marketers you’re frequently in contact with? If so, consider compiling their contact info into a shared list. That way, when you have something of interest (either for content or PR), you can easily reach out. Make an account on Help A Reporter Out (HARO). This database of sources for journalists makes it easy to list yourself as a trusted source. Use content to support your claims that you’re an expert on your industry or topic. Learn more here. For more information on making this relationship work, this beginner’s guide to PR from Kissmetrics  is a great place to start. So is this guide from Smart Insights. Recommended Reading: How to Write a Pitch Email That Will Get Your Guest Post Accepted Phase 5: Measurement, Analytics, and Reporting If you’re going to earn your paycheck, you need to prove your work is making an impact. This is where reporting comes in. Good content marketing reporting shows your organization how your efforts are driving KPIs and making money. Good reporting shows your organization how your efforts are driving KPIs and making money.Setting Up Analytics Tools There are a lot of different analytics tools out there. Which ones you use will depend on the type of you’re doing. Here are some common options to consider. Google Analytics:  This one is near-ubiquitous for content marketers. Piwik: This is another freemium alternative to Google Analytics. Heap: Freemium analytics platform that tracks without using tags. Kissmetrics: An advanced behavioral metrics platform (we use them heavily here at ). Adobe Analytics: Enterprise-grade analytics platform. These are some popular options. To find more, check out this list from G2 Crowd. You might also choose to connect several different tools into one dashboard. Here are a couple different options: Cyfe: Basic custom dashboard tool that integrates with tons of different services. Klipfolio: Advanced marketing dashboard tool that connects to a wide variety of other tools and platforms. It also includes API access for connecting unsupported tools (although setting them up this way may require technical knowledge). Lots of different SEO and content marketing platforms offer built-in analytics, too. Here are a handful of examples: Moz: All-in-one SEO software platform with built-in analytics functionality. Raven Tools: Similar to Moz but with a heavier emphasis on analytics and reporting. Ahrefs: Offers robust metrics for rank tracking, link building, and other areas of content and SEO. Whichever toolset you’re using, ensure that the right people have access to the right tools. Depending on the size of your organization, that could mean individual contributors are given access to analytics tools, or you might have dedicated analytics staff. Recommended Reading: How to Crush Google Analytics Spam in 2017 Establishing a Reporting Schedule Next, determine when marketing reports will go out (and who needs to receive them). Depending on the tools you use, you might be able to set this up automatically. In fact, this guide from Google  covers how to setup monthly reporting automatically in Google Analytics. To set your reporting schedule, answer the following questions: How often do we need data updates? If you have weekly, monthly, quarterly, or annual reporting meetings, set up your reporting schedule accordingly. Which data needs to be shared at which time? Data that’s closely tied to day-to-day performance (both for yourself, your team, and company-wide) may need to be shared on a weekly or monthly basis. Long-term goals may be more appropriate for monthly, quarterly or annual reporting. Who needs to know this data? If you manually email reports within your company, build a list of people who need to receive that report. Let’s break down common content marketing metrics into a sensible schedule: Weekly / Monthly: Specific metrics connected to the performance of your do-ers. Quarterly: Higher-level summary of progress toward long-term goals. Annual: Very high-level goals. In short, the more impact a goal or metric has on day-to-day performance for your team in the trenches, the more often those metrics likely need to be reported on. For more guidance on planning your reporting schedule, check out this guide from Chris Penn. Building Reporting Templates If you rely on automated reports from your analytics tools, this is cut and dried. However, what if your organization expects customized reports because your tools can’t quite pull everything you need into one Excel sheet or PDF? In that case, you may need to build your own template. Fortunately, we’ve created one here  to help get you started.

Succession Planning for a CEO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Succession Planning for a CEO - Essay Example One of the ways of identifying and recruiting other internal candidates is by considering their experience and qualifications. Even though majority of the board members are well conversant with the banking operations, individual with a bias in the fields of commerce, finance, business administration and economics are in a better position to deal with Lone Star financial problems. The achievement of the board members is another factor that should be considered. Board members who have attained significant achievements during their tenure should be given a priority. Internal recruitment process should be undertaken by the company directors, the current CEO as well as a renowned auditing firm such as the Pricewaterhousecoopers. In this way, the recruitment process will be fair to all candidates. Question3 Lone Star should have a succession plan for the CEO position. Based on the significant nature of the CEO position, the board should ensure that a board member with many years of experience in the bank or any other large financial institution is given a priority.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 204

Assignment Example â€Å"My Papas Waltz† narrates a young son’s frightened encounters with his drunken father. As his father waltzes him around, the poem creates the same dizzying effect on the audience too. These poems evoke the senses to assert that, disorientation may be confusing at first, but they have their enlightening moments. The main subject of these poems is disorientation that can create a feeling of dread. â€Å"In a Station† is a metaphor of contrasting images about seeing an â€Å"apparition† (Pound 1) and seeing â€Å"petals† (Pound 2). An apparition is usually worrisome, while petals tend to evoke appreciation for their delicate beauty. Using these images create opposing emotional effects that result to a sense of disorientation for readers, as if the poem also wants them to feel the confused state of its speaker. â€Å"My Papas Waltz† talks about disorientation too. The speaker is merely a little boy, but his drunken father aggressively tosses him around as his dance ritual before putting his son to bed. The grace and aristocratic nature of a â€Å"waltz† conflicts with the working-class roughness of a father who smells like â€Å"whiskey† (Roethke 1), has â€Å"battered† knuckles (Roethke 10) and â€Å"palm caked hard by dirt† (Roethke 14) , and hurts his dance partner by scraping his ear with his buckle (Roethke 12). Again, this poem puts readers into the place of the speaker- a particularly physically and emotionally dizzying place. These poems have a powerful way of forcing their audiences to step into their shoes and feel their disorientation. To feel confusion, these poems stimulate the senses to create strong visual and emotional effects. The title itself of â€Å"In a Station† easily helps readers see the metro’s darkness, feel its coldness, and smell its wet, dank scents. Adding the description of the â€Å"apparition of these faces in the crowd† heightens the feelings of creepiness and fearfulness of the setting (Pound 1).

Performance Appraisal and Job Satisfaction in the UK Essay

Performance Appraisal and Job Satisfaction in the UK - Essay Example ance appraisal is regarded as an important process, which allows the management to analyse the performance of employees working in the organization (Aminuddin 2008, Pettijohn, et al. 2001). Employees who are satisfied with their work and tasks serve as the means for improving the overall organizational performance and it is due to this reason it has been found that above ninety percent of business corporations have systems in place for monitoring performance of the workers and staff members (Seldon, Ingraham and Jacobson 2001). The performance appraisal systems are largely placed to ensure that employees are satisfied with their jobs and this is determined by their â€Å"overall performance†, â€Å"commitment towards organization† and its goals and the â€Å"turnover rate† (Vignaswaran 2008). Considering this discussion, it is important for the management to explore and evaluate the relationship between performance appraisal systems and job satisfaction of employ ees and take the necessary measures for them to improve their performance and minimize their turnover intention. This research work is aimed at exploring the impact of an effective performance appraisal system in an organization on the job satisfaction of employees. In this regard, the research explores the relationship of performance appraisal effectiveness with overall performance, commitment and turnover of employees. Chapter one explores the relationship between an effective performance appraisal system and employees’ job satisfaction in the United Kingdom, since it enables the organizations to understand the influence placed by effective performance appraisal on the overall organizational performance and job satisfaction of the employees. The objectives and the significance of the research are also... Performance appraisal is regarded as an important area of concern in relation to human resource development and management (Aminuddin 2008, Noe et al., 2009). In business entities, performance appraisal is regarded as an important process, which allows the management to analyse the performance of employees working in the organization (Aminuddin 2008, Pettijohn et al., 2001). In the present research we will try to identify how PA affects the employees’ job satisfaction and work performance. Employees who are satisfied with their work and tasks serve as the means for improving the overall organizational performance and it is due to this reason it has been found that above ninety percent of business corporations have systems in place for monitoring performance of the workers and staff members. The performance appraisal systems are largely placed to ensure that employees are satisfied with their jobs and this is determined by their â€Å"overall performance†, â€Å"commitment towards organization† and its goals and the â€Å"turnover rate†. â€Å"Performance Appraisal has been widely practiced in both the private and public sectors in the UK and the US for 20-30 yrs.† as noted from Whyte in 1986, it is Human Resource practice that is widespread in many organizations. It should be though considered as a vital one since Performance Appraisal is actually helping the organization to motivate in the best possible way his employees, to train and develop them and they will act as being the mediators for achieving its aims, its objectives and its profitability.

Healthymagination at GE (General Electric ) Essay

Healthymagination at GE (General Electric ) - Essay Example Additionally, these quantitative measures and site certification is audited by GE’s audit staff and is obligatory for campuses with in excess of 100 employees. As the company grows, its goal is to reach every employee in spite of site size. The introduction of Electronic medical records came with the potential to revolutionize healthcare by calculating administrative costs through superior effectiveness, improved correctness and broader admission to the latest clinical data (Glader, 2009). With these features the workflow is streamlined, it allow doctors to share information steadily, GE’s Centricity EMR brings the newest technology to bear on the test of managing several patient records around the globe. What makes GE to act this way is its commitment to patient-centered innovation that focuses on safety, clinical solutions as well as a customized environment for even the youngest patients. 2 GE is more diversified compared to the past. The creation of the GE healthyma gination Fund shows GE’s commitment to improvement in healthcare as a means to promoting the objectives of visibly increasing access to healthcare at the same time improving the quality along with reducing the delivery cost (McGregor, 2009). The company also gives support to the development of companies with inventive technologies as well as business models that share in the broader healthymagination goals. A s a way to further diversify the company, it additionally on receiving growth capital in addition to expertise in investment, the fund’s investment partners have the opportunity to cooperatively work with a global leader in healthcare technology in areas with mutual interest, which includes technology development and global distribution What led the company to diversification was to combat the crisis of healthcare access. Healthymagination has a goal to offer Better Health for additional People around the world. While focusing on technologies that are simpler, eas ier-to-use and more portable devices, those who lack sufficient healthcare right now, may for the very first time get access to an adequate diagnosis, an opportunity at surgery, or the ways to save the child’s life (Glader, 2010). When we specifically focus on anesthesia equipment, GE committed a center team that focused on anesthesia products to work together with international hospitals Anesthesiologists for research along with development for use of GE ICU/anesthesia products geared to low-income countries. This has led the company to knowing its market and its business significantly better than any time in history. The company has put in place financial models and levers that it uses to drive our performance. It also has clear strategies with plans of action for all of it divisions. It also engages in investing in its people and has specific plans to increase accountable leaders that will drive change (Mark, 2008). 3 In 2009, General Electric publicized that in the next s ix years it would spend $3 billion in creating at least 100 health-care innovations that were intended to substantially lower costs, increase accessibility, and along with improve quality (Scott and Corporate Environmental Data Clearinghouse, 1992). The company highlighted two products at the time; a $1,000 electrocardiogram device and a PC-based ultrasound machine that

Introduction to the Criminal Justice System Essay

Introduction to the Criminal Justice System - Essay Example The authority of the agencies involves law deception and law exemption, secret police and other law issues outside power and control of the local law enforcement agencies. The Office of the United States Attorneys is an important body as it represents such institutions as federal government in US district court and the court of appeal. From this perspective, federal law enforcement is essentially a straightforward matter: the law and common sense are all that are required. Bittner remarked that organizations are 'permanently flooded with petty military and bureaucratic regulations' Legalism is closely linked to the conception of police organizations as effective bureaucracies. The federal judiciary consists of the Circuit Courts and permanent appellate court for each circuit. Today, 94 courts are established around the country. The federal judiciary is headed by the chief judge of the court of appeal. There are 12 circuits in the USA, and each of these courts has its own court of appeal. This can get complicated because more than one person may have control over an area. People unfamiliar with the legal system may also find the concept of standing complicated. Generally, people must have had their own rights violated before they can object in court (Koletar, 2005).

Women's Suffrage Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Women's Suffrage Discussion - Essay Example With regards to nationhood, voting rights gives a person the opportunity to exercise citizenship of that particular nation it doesn’t matter whether a common history, culture or language is shared with others. Women’s suffrage brought new rights since women issues became political issues and the issues were put to law. There were still shortcomings as they didn’t get equal citizens to men. Items such as military issues were not gained with voting rights. International events contributed to womens suffrage as there was a great change towards women’s suffrage between the end of World War I and World War II. Dr. Woodworth-Neys finds a pattern to womens suffrage in the American West as most women had voting rights prior to the passage of the nineteenth amendment as they had more choices. Suffrage proponents argue women voting would not protect the status quo since more women voting would increase the population of black voters. The status quo could be protected by increased white vote by white women in places like Texas. Other activists advocated for right reforms such as equal economic rights, protection of properties, divorce reforms, better education and opportunities. Both Professor Kuhlman and Professor Woodworth-Ney pointed that women suffrage politicized women issues and gave them more right. However, Professor Woodworth-Ney sees a pattern in women suffrage in American West while Professor Kuhlman does not find it. For instance, enactment of women voting rights in Texas would restore the status quo in America. Other concerns presented included, better education opportunities for women, divorce reforms and property protection rights. The concerns were addressed by women suffrage as women got a political voice. Granting women the right to vote was

Introduction to the Criminal Justice System Essay

Introduction to the Criminal Justice System - Essay Example The authority of the agencies involves law deception and law exemption, secret police and other law issues outside power and control of the local law enforcement agencies. The Office of the United States Attorneys is an important body as it represents such institutions as federal government in US district court and the court of appeal. From this perspective, federal law enforcement is essentially a straightforward matter: the law and common sense are all that are required. Bittner remarked that organizations are 'permanently flooded with petty military and bureaucratic regulations' Legalism is closely linked to the conception of police organizations as effective bureaucracies. The federal judiciary consists of the Circuit Courts and permanent appellate court for each circuit. Today, 94 courts are established around the country. The federal judiciary is headed by the chief judge of the court of appeal. There are 12 circuits in the USA, and each of these courts has its own court of appeal. This can get complicated because more than one person may have control over an area. People unfamiliar with the legal system may also find the concept of standing complicated. Generally, people must have had their own rights violated before they can object in court (Koletar, 2005).

Criticize the article Francis Fukuyama "The end of History" Essay

Criticize the article Francis Fukuyama "The end of History" - Essay Example Prior to the release of his article, Francis Fukuyama was an unknown state department official but after the posting of his journal titled â€Å"The End of History?† he was regularly mentioned and attracted various responses. His interpretations were heavily borrowed and adapted from G.M.F. Hegel, a German philosopher. Hegel was of the idea that history had reached its end in the year 1806 after Napoleon defeated the Prussian Monarchy. It is along these lines that Fukuyama identifies the main hurdles to liberal democracy, and they are Fascism and communism. Fukuyama states that these two ideologies have ended with fascism facing its end after the defeat of Italy, Germany and Japan in the Second World War. On the other hand, communism met its end after the recent economic and political concessions in China and the Soviet Union (Herwitz, 2005). After all the ideologies, Fukuyama affirms that Western liberal democracy is the outright winner. The only remaining adversaries are religious fundamentalism and some aspects of nationalism. Fukuyama stated that history was full of struggles meant to realize the freedom idea that is etched on our consciousness. His thoughts must have been heavily influenced by the end of the Cold War, and this led him to assert that it marked the end of history. The end of the Cold War was an apparent triumph of capitalist and liberal ideologies of western nations. The events of the Cold War had shown a clear win by the United States and her allies. He used this to conclude that it was the universalization of Western liberal ideologies and also marked the end of humankind’s ideological evolution (Herwitz, 2005). By the time when this article appeared in the National Interest, people could not disagree with Fukuyama. The Soviet Union was about to disintegrate, and so was the Berlin Wall. Everything that was happening at that time suggested that it was only liberal capitalist democracies that

Biblical World View Bibl 104 Essay Example for Free

Biblical World View Bibl 104 Essay Introduction A facet of Christian faith is the belief that mankind is created in the image of God. So God created mankind in his own image, in the image of God he created them; male and female he created them.† I believe we were created in Gods image, and that it influences me every day as a manager at Target. The inherit image of God in myself shows me that I should treat others with dignity and have no bias or exploitation of others based on looks, creed, race, gender, etc. The inherit image of God in myself also shows me that I need to be a servant such as Jesus was. Example 1 As a manager at Target I find it no coincidence that my employee handbook should so closely model the way Jesus treated others. In this case it is because the company is scared of a lawsuit. In my heart I know its Gods will that we treat others with respect and dignity because we are all made in Gods image. According to policy we are to treat each gender as equals. How could we not since Mary was chosen to give birth to our Lord and how she answered the call of the angel Luke 1:38 â€Å"I am the Lord’s servant,†. There are many Target policies about disabilities and how we should treat those with them. When Jesus cured a blind man how can I do any less than to treat them as my equal. John 9:11 â€Å"The man they call Jesus made some mud and put it on my eyes. He told me to go to Siloam and wash. So I went and washed, and then I could see.† We are unable to be Jesus, we will always fall short of his perfection and glory. We should always try to live up to his words and standards and not judge others because of their differences. Corinthians 10:12 states â€Å"We do not dare to classify or compare ourselves with some who commend themselves. When they measure themselves by themselves and compare themselves with themselves, they are not wise.† It is wise to follow my employee handbook to keep my job, but it is more important for me to treat others with the respect and dignity of the one whose image we were created in. Example 2 Target has rolled out a new employee program called the Vibe, This program is about making one on one connections with out guests and going above and beyond. Reading the Bible and feeling the servant spirit of Jesus gives me great hope for a program such as this. Being formed from his image I feel we should emulate that same servant attitude towards others. In Mark 9:35 Jesus says â€Å"If anyone would be first, he must be last of all and servant of all.† For those who enter our store I am their servant because I wish to emulate Jesus in helping those around me. Many customers do not wish for my help, while others spurn it. I can only continue to try and follow his direction and know that in Chronicles 15:7 it says â€Å"But you, take courage! Do not let your hands be weak, for your work shall be rewarded.† The Vibe program is truly about increasing sales for our store and company. I look at it as an opportunity to do Gods will. Being made in Gods image makes me feel closer to God and makes me want to help others and bring them closer to God. In my job I have that opportunity to help others, and whether its a smile, pointing someone to the item they are looking for, or that rare opportunity to tell them about the wonderful church I belong too, I am thankful. Conclusion God set us apart from the animals and made us in his image. We are mentally smarter, emotionally deeper, rationale beings not animals. Being made in his image doesnt mean I look exactly like God, but that parts of me reflect God. That blessing to me means that we should emulate God and his works to the best of our limited abilities. When Jesus said in Mark 12:31 ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ There is no other commandment greater than these.† The words of Jesus help me to remember how to treat others no matter who they are and how we might classify them; and it reminds me that whether you call it the Vibe or not those one on one connections are our chance to help change someoneelses life and conceptions. Biblical Worldview Essay Grading Rubric Student:| Criteria|PointsPossible|PointsEarned|Instructor’s Comments| Content:Does the essay cover the subject as thoroughly as possible? Are at least 2 topics covered? Does it demonstrate a personal understanding of the subject?|50||| Introduction:Is there a clear introductory paragraph including a thesis?|10||| Structure: Are there headings provided for each section?|5||| Conclusion: Is there a summative concluding paragraph?|10||| Mechanics: Is essay free of glaring errors in spelling, grammar, and punctuation and is it posted by the deadline?|15||| Format: Is the essay in 12-point, Times New Roman font, 1-inch margins, and double-spaced?|10||| Total|100|||

Death Of A Salesman - Willys I :: essays research papers

“Willy Loman is destroyed by his own ideals'; Willy Loman is a travelling salesman who has worked for the Wagner firm for 34 years. He is now 61 years old and his job has been taken off salary and put on commission. He has a family and he boasts to them that he is “vital in New England,'; but in fact he isn’t vital anywhere. Willy has many strong beliefs that he strives to achieve. He wants to own his own business and he wants to be “bigger than Uncle Charley'; and especially he wants to be a great success and he tries to emulate Dave Singleman. He wishes to die the “Death of a Salesman'; and have many buyers and salesmen mourn for him. He also tries to be a good father, and husband. However Willy’s aims in life have been useless as he hasn’t really achieved anything. He got fired by Howard, his sons are both failures and they abandoned him in a restaurant toilet. His relationship with his wife is plagued by his guilt for committing adultery. He has to borrow $50 a week from Charley. He can’t even keep his mind on one thing for a long time. He can’t drive a car. Willy gets so fed up with all of these things that he want’s to commit suicide and eventually, he does. This topic suggests that Willy’s deterioration occurs because the principals he believes in. To a large extent this is true. After 34 years of Willy’s life, he loses his job. To a normal person under normal circumstances, being retrenched is a time when you feel useless. But for Willy, since everything else is going wrong at the same time, he feels like a useless old man. Willy thought that just because he named his boss, that he would have a secure future with the company but as Charley said “them things don’t mean anything? You named him Howard, but you can’t sell that.'; Even though Willy wasn’t even getting paid a salary, Howard didn’t want him to even represent the company in case Willy “cracked up'; again. Although Willy is mostly destroyed by his own ideals there are other things that destroy him as well, like Howard, Happy and Biff. Willy is emotionally destroyed when Howard fires him. Then, both of his sons disown and abandon him in Frank’s Chop House. Both Happy and Biff left their father talking to himself in the bathroom while they wanted to have a good night out with the girls.

Cultural Diversity in The Tempest Essays -- Tempest essays

Cultural Diversity in The Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If we look at Shakespeare's atypically short play The Tempest, the character of Caliban represents a "noble savage" who is enslaved, exploited, and endowed with low-self esteem due to the ethnocentric views of those who encounter him.   In much the same way as the British originally exploited the Hindus or Americans exploited Native Americans, Caliban is considered the "property" of those who encounter him, solely because he is not of the same heritage, customs, and manners of his oppressors.      The ostracism and exploitation of Caliban because he is perceived as a brutish animal compared to "civilized" folks is in keeping with the theme and intent of the play-to show that reality is more a manifestation of mentality and conscious perception than concrete black and white, definable phenomena.   As one scholar of Elizabethan imagery suggests, "The poet who imitates not the visible world but the intelligible as manifested in the visible will not consider that the use of artifice to emphasize form makes imagery less 'true to nature'" (Scanlan   1).   In The Tempest   we see a great deal of artifice to understand what is manifested in the visible, however, with Caliban we see that all the artifice in the world does not help him be accepted by those who inhabit the island once his own.   Prospero has enslaved the son that Sycorax "did litter" on the island, and his lovely daughter Miranda says of his slave, "'Tis a villain, sir,/I do not love to look on" (Shakespeare   5).    Of course, Prospero says he enslaved Caliban because he tried to coupled with his daughter, however, Caliban, sounding like someone who has had their land and culture stolen from them, replies to this, "O ho,... ...nce and diversity are often perceived as evil, wrong or somehow inferior in relation to the dominant culture or social norms.   These issues are very timely as we face the increasing globalization of the world and increasing pressures to accept and integrate with diverse cultures.    Works Cited Baker Siepmann, K.   (ed.)   Benet's Reader's Encyclopedia.   New York, Harper & Row, Publishers, New York, 1987. Moore, P.   "The Tempest and the Bermuda Shipwreck of 1609."   Shakespeare Oxford Newsletter.   Summer, 1996, 1-2. Scanlan, R.   "Shakespeare's New World Fantasia."   http://fas-www.harvard.edu/~art/center.html   April 21, 1999, 1-3. Scanlan, R.   "The Veil of Poetry."   http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~art/poetry.html   April 21, 1999, 1-2. Shakespeare, W.   William Shakespeare:   The Complete Works.   New York, Gramercy Books, 1975. Cultural Diversity in The Tempest Essays -- Tempest essays Cultural Diversity in The Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If we look at Shakespeare's atypically short play The Tempest, the character of Caliban represents a "noble savage" who is enslaved, exploited, and endowed with low-self esteem due to the ethnocentric views of those who encounter him.   In much the same way as the British originally exploited the Hindus or Americans exploited Native Americans, Caliban is considered the "property" of those who encounter him, solely because he is not of the same heritage, customs, and manners of his oppressors.      The ostracism and exploitation of Caliban because he is perceived as a brutish animal compared to "civilized" folks is in keeping with the theme and intent of the play-to show that reality is more a manifestation of mentality and conscious perception than concrete black and white, definable phenomena.   As one scholar of Elizabethan imagery suggests, "The poet who imitates not the visible world but the intelligible as manifested in the visible will not consider that the use of artifice to emphasize form makes imagery less 'true to nature'" (Scanlan   1).   In The Tempest   we see a great deal of artifice to understand what is manifested in the visible, however, with Caliban we see that all the artifice in the world does not help him be accepted by those who inhabit the island once his own.   Prospero has enslaved the son that Sycorax "did litter" on the island, and his lovely daughter Miranda says of his slave, "'Tis a villain, sir,/I do not love to look on" (Shakespeare   5).    Of course, Prospero says he enslaved Caliban because he tried to coupled with his daughter, however, Caliban, sounding like someone who has had their land and culture stolen from them, replies to this, "O ho,... ...nce and diversity are often perceived as evil, wrong or somehow inferior in relation to the dominant culture or social norms.   These issues are very timely as we face the increasing globalization of the world and increasing pressures to accept and integrate with diverse cultures.    Works Cited Baker Siepmann, K.   (ed.)   Benet's Reader's Encyclopedia.   New York, Harper & Row, Publishers, New York, 1987. Moore, P.   "The Tempest and the Bermuda Shipwreck of 1609."   Shakespeare Oxford Newsletter.   Summer, 1996, 1-2. Scanlan, R.   "Shakespeare's New World Fantasia."   http://fas-www.harvard.edu/~art/center.html   April 21, 1999, 1-3. Scanlan, R.   "The Veil of Poetry."   http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~art/poetry.html   April 21, 1999, 1-2. Shakespeare, W.   William Shakespeare:   The Complete Works.   New York, Gramercy Books, 1975.

Nationalization over Privatization

The Process of taking an industry or assets into government ownership by a national government or slate is known as nationalization. A nationalized industry is one which produces output for sale to consumers and other producers by the way of markets but which are solely owned by and under the control of the government. On the other hand privatization is the process of moving from a government controlled system to a privately-run one. Nationalized industries are managed by a board of managers appointed by the state; a government minister is usually the person in charge.The implementation of nationalization in a country’s economy may have huge positive impacts in that country as consumers, government, and more importantly, the economy receive benefits. These state owned industries are funded by long-term loans, or subventions also known as subsidies, from government. It can occur through the transfer of company assets to the government or through the transfer of public shares, l eaving the company to run the business under government control (Khan). A Government can nationalize any firm in a country whether it is a water company, electricity, telecommunication and more popular, banks.Some firms are unable to manage their risks properly so the Government comes in to provide more positive externalities. Aims of state owned enterprises may not necessarily comprise of making a profit but rather to operate in the consumers’ interest while the gap between poor and rich is reduced in the process. Nationalization is mainly in favor of the public. â€Å"The State’s assessment of public purpose is accepted on the ground that the State is the best judge of whether or not the nationalization serves a public purpose† (Sornarajah).Nationalization of an industry may result in production costs being lowered therefore goods and services will be available to the nation’s consumers at low prices. In addition Nationalization entails that the distrib ution of wealth become uniform and just. It prevents exploitation of consumers whereas in private ownership the capitalists become richer while the poor laborers grow poorer. This results in a rise in inequalities, that’s where Nationalization comes in to reduce inequalities effectively.Moreover unhealthy competition and corruption between firms and capitalists is demolished. â€Å"Big and powerful capitalists try to crush their small rivals† (Chaterjee). This is also against national interest. Loans at lower rates are accessible to consumers in the case of bank nationalization. In favor of the government they are able to manage their country’s economy by controlling important industries, such as monopolies. They make their services more efficient even though it comes as a cost they benefit from this when good feedback is received from the population mass.Companies owned by the people for the people take social costs into account and the profit goes back to the people. The economy also receives a major boost as Nationalization involves a lot of government expenditures. Government expenditure includes all government consumption and investments made by state. It involves the acquisition of goods and services for use to directly satisfy individual or collective needs of the population in a country intended to create future benefits.Nationalized industries, also known as government owned corporations, state owned companies, state enterprises as well as state owned entities, charged with operating in the public interest, may be under strong political and social pressures to give much more attention to externalities. They may be obliged to operate some loss making activities where social benefits are clearly greater than social costs. For example: rural postal and transportation services. The Government recognizes social obligations and provides subsidies for such non-commercial operations in some cases.Moreover, since nationalized industries ar e state owned, the Government is responsible for meeting any debts stumbled upon by these industries. Nationalized industries don’t normally borrow from the domestic market other than for short-term borrowing and is in general a non-profit organization. However, if they are profitable, the profit is often used as a means to finance other state services, such as social programs and government research which can help lower the tax burden. An issue in nationalization is the payment of compensation to the former owner or owners.The most controversial nationalizations are known as expropriations, are those where no compensation, or an amount far below the likely market value of the nationalized assets, is paid. Much nationalization has come after revolutions through expropriation, mostly in revolutions led by communists. When nationalizing a large business, the cost of compensation is so great that much legal nationalization have occurred when important firms or industries run clo se to bankruptcy and are then acquired by the Government or little or free. Other times, Governments have seen it important to gain control of institutions of great economic value as well as citizen importance, such as banks or monopolistic service providers, or of important industries struggling economically. â€Å"State or local authorities have traditionally taken private property for such public purposes as the construction of roads, dams, or public buildings. Known as the right of eminent domain, this process is usually accompanied by the payment of compensation.By contrast, the concept of nationalization is a 20th century development that differs from eminent domain in motive and degree; it is done for the purpose of social and economic equality and is usually, although not always, applied as a principle of communistic or socialistic theories of society† (Margolis). Communism is defined as a theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state (Dictionary. com). Moreover, there are principles which govern communism. One of the contradictions in communism most frequently highlighted is that between the theory and the practice. While this is to some extent justified, it also needs to be borne in mind that, as with most concepts, there is no single theory of communism, rather there are numerous theories and variations on a theme – and some versions of the theory are more compatible with the practice than others† (Holmes Chpt. 1). Principles such as: * The expropriation of landed property and the use of rent from land to cover state expenditure. A high and progressively graded income-tax. * An abolition of the right of inheritance. * The confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels. * The centralization of credit in the hands of the state, by the establishment of a state bank with state capital and an exclusive monopo ly. * The centralization of transport in the hands of the state. * An increase in the state ownership of factories and instruments of production, and the redistribution and amelioration of agricultural land on a general plan. Universal obligation to work and creation of labour armies especially for agriculture. * The unification of agricultural with industrial labour, and the gradual abolition of the differences between town and country. * The public education of all children. Abolition of factory labour for children in its present form. Unification of education with economic production. (Karl Marx) On the other hand, socialism, an economic system, is characterized by social ownership and control of the means of production and cooperative management of an economy.Social ownership may refer to one or a combination of the following; Cooperative enterprises, common ownership, direct public ownership or autonomous state enterprises. There are many variations of socialism and as such the re is no single definition encapsulating all of socialism. They differ in the type of social ownership they advocate, the degree to which they rely on markets versus planning, how management is to be organized within economic enterprises, and the role of the state in constructing socialism. (Mr. Reasonable) State owned non-profit organizations generally work in the interest on the public.Nationalization tends to occur more often in the natural resources and utilities sectors. Nationalization of natural resource industries tend to happen when the price of the corresponding commodity is high. Privatized industries struggle with production costs, they tend to raise the bar on their prices thus the poor people’s pockets are hurt. Due to this exploitation is present, this is popular within monopolies. These enterprises do not experience competition from other firms as they are the sole suppliers of a good or service in an economy.They take advantage of this by raising their prices whenever they please knowing that their commodity’s demand will not drop but profit will rise considerably. â€Å"The monopolistic firm is a price maker and has some power over the setting of price or output. It cannot however, charge a price that the consumers in the market will not bear† (tutor2u. net). They significantly charge high prices on their goods and services and in some cases, fire workers in order to reduce cost of production. Moreover, workers who have mouths to feed and bills to pay.On the other hand, a monopoly owned, run and controlled by the government will stop consumers from being exploited. How, you may ask? Government expenditure and investment may cover all major production costs correspondingly reducing prices on goods and services provided by the monopoly. At the same time, employment is generated rather than depleted. The Government works in favor of the public, additionally in favor of its country’s economic wealth fare and increasing the employment rate and decreasing the unemployment rate is a plus as well as a good name for the state.According to Kabbani Construction Group (KCG), a nationalization program supporting the qualified national work force as developed. KCG plans to replace foreign labour with Saudi nationals in order to encourage and increase employment of young Saudi nationals through nationalization. So indeed, this is a strategy used by state to decrease the unemployment rate in respective economies. Furthermore, the presence of nationalization in an economy slightly reduces the gap between the rich and the poor people in society. We very often see the situation in an economy where the rich get richer and the poor get poorer.The causes of this may include generally high prices for goods and services set by the rich business men only affordable to their fellow wealthy counterparts, the poor then suffer when they take the little that they have from their pockets and give it to the rich when they p urchase the certain goods or services offered. This is a result of poor redistribution of wealth. As defined by wisegeek. com, the redistribution of wealth is the orderly transfer of assets from one group of entities to a broader range of entities, usually by utilizing some sort of mechanisms put in place by a government.Sometimes known as progressive redistribution, the idea is to allocate available resources in a manner that a wider range of people receive some degree of benefit from those assets. Nationalization is often used in the process of the redistributing of wealth. It is a broad concept that may include strategies such as government offering funded health care plans to citizens qualified. With other methods the goal is to ensure that everyone, both rich and poor, in a given country has access to and receives benefits considered to be necessary for a respectable standard of living.The poor may not be able to fund those benefits but that is where the government comes in to play by reducing the costs on the backs of such citizens. An example of this may include the government providing a free health care program to the less fortunate. The elimination of price discrimination is also a strategy used by the government to reduce the gap between rich and poor. Price discrimination is a pricing strategy that is adopted by private firms where they charge customers different prices for the same product or service.In pure price discrimination, the seller will charge each customer the maximum price that he or she is willing to pay. In more common forms of price discrimination, the seller places customers in groups based on certain attributes and charges each group a different price. The poor could really be at a disadvantage according to how the firm conducts its price discrimination. This can be eliminated due to nationalization. The government then comes in to establish price control. They dictate ceiling on the prices of essential consumer goods to keep cost of living within a manageable range on behalf of the lower class.Additionally, the government lowers interest rates on loans to stimulate the economy, allowing people of the public to access it. When a bank is nationalized ownership or control of that bank is transferred from the shareholders to state. This usually takes place when the state sees it unfit the way the bank is operating under its shareholders, especially when it may be on the path of bankruptcy. In more recent times, the failure of major banks has highlighted the fact that, under national ownership and control, failing banks can be funded more quickly and for larger amounts than under private ownership.This enables the banking infrastructure to be rebuilt, as well as ensure the closer regulation of banks in the future. Douglas J. Elliot explains this in his book ‘Bank Nationalization: What is it? Should we do it? ’ Bank regulators have stood ready for decades to take over an insolvent bank, or one on the brink of insolvency, if it is not possible to neither find private capital to neither shore up the bank nor find a strong acquirer. Often applied to small banks, this practice has applied even to quite large banks in rare circumstances. Government can take 100% ownership or simply a commanding majority stake.This choice depends heavily on what purposes the nationalization is intended to achieve. It is feared that some banks receiving large quantities of government aid will never be able to support themselves independently again, bleeding taxpayer resources until they are eventually cut off by the government and taken over. In such a case, the cost to the taxpayer may be considerably smaller if a bank is taken over quickly. Through nationalization, the state can manage the economy more effectively by means of controlling the important industries in its respective country.In any economy, the state should exhibit some sort of control over the affairs taking place on a day-to-day basis. Price control and quantity control are two strategies of government intervention governments practice in managing an economy. Nationalization allows government or state to intervene in economic activity Government intervention is an action taken from the government that alter or change economic activeness, supply ability, and unconstrained decisions made through normal market trade is the definition given by webdynamic. com. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦government intervention through nationalization in the market/economy set out to attain two main goals: â€Å"Social efficiency and equity. Social efficiency is achieved at the point where the marginal benefits to society for wither production or consumption are equal to the marginal costs of either production or consumption. Issues of equity are difficult to judge due to the subjective assessment of what is, and what is not, a fair distribution of resources. † Externalities are spillover costs to society. Whenever ther e are external costs, the market will lead to a level of production and consumption above the socially efficient level.Whenever there are external benefits, the market will (ceteris paribus) lead to a level of production and consumption below the socially efficient level. † (John & Mark) At times, economies may respond sluggishly to changes in demand and supply. Time lags in adjustment can lead to a permanent state of disequilibrium and to problems of instability. With the government in charge of industries and firms, they ensure that changes in demand and supply are responded to in a timely and systematic fashion so that the market stays stable.Furthermore, the state reduces externalities, doing so with the use of taxes and subsidies. Externalities can be corrected by imposing tax rates equal to the size of the marginal external cost, and granting rates of subsidy equal to marginal external benefits. Extensions of property rights may allow individuals to impose unfair costs o n others. State takes charge of these properties and cut down on the costs thus influencing more customers to divulge in ongoing activities. Investment in economic theory is the amount of a good that is purchased, not to consume but to be used for future production.Nationalization involves a great deal of this as government primary source of capital in a nationalized firm is investment. State invests in raw materials, human capital, and inventory to name a few. Human capital includes costs of additional on-the-job training for employees. The investment of inventory is the accumulation of items which will be used in production such as machinery and vehicles. The government uses these investments to improve the efficiency of their goods and services to distribute to their consumers. Governments also make investments in raw materials. â€Å"1949 – Steel was first nationalised in 1949, and privatised a year later by the new Conservative government. It was re-nationalised in 1967 when over 90 of steel capacity was put under the control of the British Steel Corporation (BSC). Steel was returned to the private sector once more in 1988. † (economicsonline. co. uk) An example of raw materials being nationalized by use of investments in steal is presented above. * â€Å"In 1948 railways were nationalized to help rebuild the network infrastructure and re-equip the rolling stock after the destructive effects of the Second World War. This is an example of inventory investment. More Efficient goods result in more satisfied consumers and the government works towards that aim in ensuring that the public is vastly satisfied with the services and goods provided. Social costs are the costs to society as a whole for producing one additional unit, or taking one more measure in an economy. These cost of producing one extra unit of something is not simply the direct cost sustained by the producer alone, but also must include the costs to the external environment and o ther stakeholders thus effecting the people. A standard example of this is that of a factory the smoke from which has harmful effects on those occupying neighboring properties† (Coase 1). Other social costs could include other forms of pollution, which could arise from the advancements through additional units in production. Another form of pollution consists of excessive garbage pollution. Social costs might as well include solid waste from the garbage trucks on neighborhoods along the routes taken as well as the impacts of solid waste facilities themselves. Moreover, Adverse effects on roperty values, community image, and aesthetics, as well as the increase of noise, odor, and traffic all contribute to social costs. With this said, the state takes it as their responsibility to take these social costs into account so people get compensated, for companies owned and run by the people for the people take social costs into account and the profit goes back to the people. They are allowed to do so as they have the adequate funds and money in their possession in contrast to private owner firms who don’t have the monies available and leave the public to suffer due to social costs.It is also their duty that the public stays with a mutual feeling towards them. Lastly, nationalization in an economy can influence a rise in the economy. Injections into the economy from the government are the really the main sources. We have already covered the point that governments invest in newly nationalized industries in order to make their goods and services more efficient but that is not the only effect it has in a business and economic stand point.Investments not only serve an efficient purpose but these injections are represented in the national income formula as government expenditure and government spending, which when increased results in an increase to national income. The national income formula states that national income equals consumption plus gross private in vestment plus government consumption expenditure plus net exports (Y=C+I+G+X). Knowing this we could say that in a situation where, in a given year national income was five thousand dollars with government expenditure being one thousand dollars.In the following year, the government decides to take over the assets of a coconut products producing plant. The state invests two thousand dollars worth of capital into that firm; this includes investments in raw materials, human capital and inventory. This two thousand dollars goes into the national income equation as an addition to government consumption expenditure raising it from one thousand dollars to three thousand dollars. Hence, national income increases by two thousand dollars taking it to seven thousand dollars. Consumers, governments and economies all benefit from the positive that nationalization imposes when it is implemented.Governments are the main nationalization mechanisms as they are allowed to exhibit their control over t he affairs in an economy and also to represent the people and protect them from the stress bearers known as private owners. Governments can either fully take over an industry or only see that an industry is run under their supervision. Nationalizations are funded by loans and subsidies to help cover production costs without having to operate at a full loss as they do not aim to make maximum profits unlike the private owned firms and companies.At the same time lowering the costs of goods and services distributed to consumers. Out of all the firms which governments may choose to nationalize, national banks are the most popular corporations to be nationalized. Consequently, in doing so government provides the public, access to loans at lower rates. The gap between rich and poor is slightly reduced as exploitation of consumers is condensed. In conclusion, the implementation of nationalization in a country’s economy does have huge positive impacts as consumers, governments and eco nomies benefit.